Dinamarquero, encrucijada de rutas indígenas
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1985
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Estudio que pone de relieve la importancia de un sitio arqueológico hasta ahora desconocido, como es el de Dinamarquero, situado estratégicamente sobre las rutas que ponían en comunicación a sectores del litoral del estrecho de Magallanes con otros lugares del interior, en especial con valles fluviales y territorios estacionales de caza. Conocido históricamente como paraje de campamento en los viajes coloniales y exploratorios durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, una vez prospectado arqueológicamente reveló ser un sitio de presencia humana permanente o periódica, en grado de cierta importancia. Sin embargo, los antecedentes arqueológicos encontrados han resultado especialmente valiosos para conocer mejor e interpretar apropiadamente la que se califica como última etapa cultural en la vida de los aónikenk, tehuelches del sur o patagones, es decir, aquella en que esta etnia recibió con mayor fuerza y persistencia el influjo cultural de los colonos establecidos en el territorio magallánico. Ha sido posible, además, afirmar con pruebas arqueológicas los testimonios de los exploradores y viajeros respecto de usos y costumbres. De igual modo puede conocerse por vez primera la importancia que la afición alcohólica pasó a tener en la vida indígena y sus consecuencias tecnológicas y fisiológicas, enfatizándose su responsabilidad directa en la extinción de la etnia meridional. Sobre tal base se postula como novedosa la hipótesis de vigencia de un postrer período cultural en la milenaria existencia de los cazadores de la Patagonia austral.
This study emphasizes the importance of an archaelogical site, up to the present unknown, as Dinamarquero, strategically located among the routes connecting coastal sectors of the Magellan Strait with interior localities, especially fluvial valleys and seasonal hunting grounds, is. Historically known as a camping place for the colonial and exploratory voyages during the last half of XIX century, its archaelogical prospection showed it to be a site of some importance for the establishment of permanent or periodical human occupancy. However, the archaelogical antecedents found have been especially valuable towards the better knowledge and proper interpretation of what is considered as the last cultural stage of the Aónikenk, Southern Tehuelches or Patagonians, it is to say that in which this ethnia received with more strangth and persistency the cultural influx from colonist established at the Magellanic tenitory. It has been also possible to affirms, with archaelogical proofs, testimonies of explorers and travelers on uses and customs. Likely, the importance that the affiction to alcoholic beverages became to have to the indian life and its technologic and physiological consequences, became known by the firts time, emphasizing its direct responsability on the extinction of the meridional ethnia. On such a basis, the existence of a late cultural period in the millennian life of the Southern Patagonian hunters, is postulated as new.
This study emphasizes the importance of an archaelogical site, up to the present unknown, as Dinamarquero, strategically located among the routes connecting coastal sectors of the Magellan Strait with interior localities, especially fluvial valleys and seasonal hunting grounds, is. Historically known as a camping place for the colonial and exploratory voyages during the last half of XIX century, its archaelogical prospection showed it to be a site of some importance for the establishment of permanent or periodical human occupancy. However, the archaelogical antecedents found have been especially valuable towards the better knowledge and proper interpretation of what is considered as the last cultural stage of the Aónikenk, Southern Tehuelches or Patagonians, it is to say that in which this ethnia received with more strangth and persistency the cultural influx from colonist established at the Magellanic tenitory. It has been also possible to affirms, with archaelogical proofs, testimonies of explorers and travelers on uses and customs. Likely, the importance that the affiction to alcoholic beverages became to have to the indian life and its technologic and physiological consequences, became known by the firts time, emphasizing its direct responsability on the extinction of the meridional ethnia. On such a basis, the existence of a late cultural period in the millennian life of the Southern Patagonian hunters, is postulated as new.
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Dinarmarquero, Aónikenk, Tehuelches, Extinción indígena
Citación
Anales del Instituto de la Patagonia, Vol. 16, pp. 53-83, 1985-86.