Proceso de extracción y aprovechamiento sustentable del guanaco (Lama guanicoe, Müller) mediante cuotas de caza en Tierra del Fuego
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2008
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El presente trabajo revisa los antecedentes generales del proceso técnico, logístico y administrativo asociado al aprovechamiento de 5.700 guanacos mediante la caza y faenamiento de los mismos en su medio natural, destacando que dicho proceso es la culminación exitosa de un proyecto global de conservación que se han venido desarrollando en Magallanes por mas de 30 años y que hoy lo sitúa como uno de los pocos en su tipo a nivel internacional.
El guanaco es una de las especies silvestres más protegidas y estudiadas de la fauna nacional. Tras décadas de protección, se ha logrado aumentar la población de guanacos en el sector centro-sur de la Isla de Tierra del Fuego, desde alrededor de 5.000 en 1975, a aproximadamente 60.000 el año 2008.
El aumento de la población de guanacos, el impacto en los bosques de lenga, la competencia por el recurso forrajero con los ovinos, son factores que fundamentan la oportunidad de intervención y utilización sustentable de la especie, factores que fueron integrados en la Política del Ministerio de Agricultura para el manejo sustentable del Guanaco en Isla Tierra del Fuego. Esta política dio origen a que se elaboraran las bases técnicas y administrativas para la licitación de una cuota de extracción de guanacos en Isla Tierra del Fuego, dando la oportunidad así de implementar nuevos criaderos, desarrollar proyectos de repoblamiento y/o proyectos integrales de aprovechamiento sustentable.
Dentro de las etapas del proceso de extracción de guanacos, destacan las siguientes: (1) caza, realizada en camionetas por dos equipos de cazadores quienes además transportaban a los guanacos hasta la planta de faenamiento; (2) faenamiento, consistente en el eviscerado, revisión y almacenamiento de las canales; y (3) transporte, correspondiente al traslado de los animales, hasta la planta en Puerto Natales.
La caza de guanacos se realizó en el sector centro sur de Tierra del Fuego, en la Comuna de Timaukel. En la temporada 2003 se cazaron 1700 animales concentrándose la caza en guanacos machos, mientras que en la temporada 2005 se cazaron 2.000 animales, sin hacer distinción de géneros, considerando en ambos períodos que fueran animales mayores de dos años. Los campos de donde se extrajo mayor cantidad de animales durante 2003 y 2005 fueron los denominados "Japón" y "Cazuela Russfin".
Se mencionan los principales puntos críticos del proceso de extracción y se señalan las modificaciones realizadas.
This paper reviews the general background of the technical, logistical and administrative related to the use of guanacos 5.700 through hunting and slaughter of them in their natural environment, stressing that this process is the successful completion of acomprehensive conservation project that has been Magallanes been developed for over 30 years and today the situation as one of the few of its kind al international level. The Guanaco is one of the most protected wildlife and fauna of the national study. After decades of protection, has succeeded in increasing the population of guanacos in central-south of the Island Tierra del Fuego, from about 5.000 in 1975 to about 60.000 by 2008. The increase in the population of guanacos, the impact on forest lenga, competition for resources to feed the sheep, are factors that underlie the chance of intervention and sustainable utilization of the species, factors which were integrated into the Ministry's Policy Agriculture for sustainable Management of the Guanaco Island in Tierra del Fuego. This policy gave rise to the development of technical and administrative groundwork for the tender of a fee for extracting guanacos Island Tierra el Fuego, and giving the opportunity to implement new farms, develo proyects for resettlement and or projects of sustainable use. Among the steps in the process of extraction of guanacos, the following: (1) game of pickup trucks by two teams of hunters, who also carrying guanacos to the slaughter plant, (2) consisting of the slaughter gutted review and storage of carcasses, and (3) transport, the animals were taken in a truck equipped for it, until the plant in Puerto Natales. Guanacos hunting were done in the center south of Tierra del Fuego, in the commune of Timaukel. In the 2003 season is focusing animals hunted 1.700 hunting guanacos males, whereas in the 2005 season was 2.000 animals hunted without distinction of gender, considering that in both periods were animals over two years. The fields where he drew much of animals during 2003 and 2005 were the so-called "Japan" and "Cazuela Rusffin".
This paper reviews the general background of the technical, logistical and administrative related to the use of guanacos 5.700 through hunting and slaughter of them in their natural environment, stressing that this process is the successful completion of acomprehensive conservation project that has been Magallanes been developed for over 30 years and today the situation as one of the few of its kind al international level. The Guanaco is one of the most protected wildlife and fauna of the national study. After decades of protection, has succeeded in increasing the population of guanacos in central-south of the Island Tierra del Fuego, from about 5.000 in 1975 to about 60.000 by 2008. The increase in the population of guanacos, the impact on forest lenga, competition for resources to feed the sheep, are factors that underlie the chance of intervention and sustainable utilization of the species, factors which were integrated into the Ministry's Policy Agriculture for sustainable Management of the Guanaco Island in Tierra del Fuego. This policy gave rise to the development of technical and administrative groundwork for the tender of a fee for extracting guanacos Island Tierra el Fuego, and giving the opportunity to implement new farms, develo proyects for resettlement and or projects of sustainable use. Among the steps in the process of extraction of guanacos, the following: (1) game of pickup trucks by two teams of hunters, who also carrying guanacos to the slaughter plant, (2) consisting of the slaughter gutted review and storage of carcasses, and (3) transport, the animals were taken in a truck equipped for it, until the plant in Puerto Natales. Guanacos hunting were done in the center south of Tierra del Fuego, in the commune of Timaukel. In the 2003 season is focusing animals hunted 1.700 hunting guanacos males, whereas in the 2005 season was 2.000 animals hunted without distinction of gender, considering that in both periods were animals over two years. The fields where he drew much of animals during 2003 and 2005 were the so-called "Japan" and "Cazuela Rusffin".
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Guanacos, Caza de guanacos
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Punta Arenas 2008